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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INFEDU</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Informatics in Education</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2335-8971</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1648-5831</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>VU</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">INFEDU_2023_1_10</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15388/infedu.2023.10</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Exploring the effects of near-peer teaching in robotics education: The role of STEM attitudes</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>de Vink</surname>
            <given-names>Isabelle C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:i.devink@pwo.ru.nl">i.devink@pwo.ru.nl</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_000"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_000">Educational Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tolboom</surname>
            <given-names>Jos L. J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:j.tolboom@slo.nl">j.tolboom@slo.nl</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_001">Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development, Enschede, The Netherlands</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>van Beekum</surname>
            <given-names>Olivier</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:beekumo@corderius.nl">beekumo@corderius.nl</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_002">Corderiuscollege, Amersfoort, The Netherlands</aff>
      </contrib-group>
	  
     <volume>22</volume>
            <issue>2</issue>
            <fpage>329</fpage>
            <lpage>350</lpage>
	  
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
	    <day>25</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Vilnius University, ETH Zürich</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Open access article under the CC BY license.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Due to technological advancements, robotics is findings its way into the classroom. However, workload for teachers is high, and teachers sometimes lack the knowledge to implement robotics education. A key factor of robotics education is peer learning, and having students (near-)peers teach them robotics could diminish workload. Therefore, this study implemented near-peer teaching in robotics education. 4 K10-11 secondary school students were teachers to 83 K5-6 primary school students. The intervention included 4 3-hour robotics lessons in Dutch schools. Primary school students completed a pre- and post-intervention questionnaire on their STEM-attitudes and near-peer teaching experience, and a report on their learning outcomes. Interaction with near-peer teachers was observed. After the lessons, a paired-samples t-test showed that students had a more positive attitude towards engineering and technology. Students also reported a positive near-peer teaching experience. Conventional content analysis showed that students experienced a gain in programming and robotics skill after the lessons, and increased conceptual understanding of robotics. The role the near peer teachers most frequently fulfilled was formative assessor. Near-peer teachers could successfully fulfil a role as an engaging information provider. This study shows that near-peer teachers can effectively teach robotics, diminishing workload for teachers. Furthermore, near-peer robotics lessons could lead to increased STEM-attitudes.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>robotics</kwd>
        <kwd>programming</kwd>
        <kwd>STEM</kwd>
        <kwd>computational thinking</kwd>
        <kwd>peer interaction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
