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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INFEDU</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Informatics in Education</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2335-8971</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1648-5831</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>VU</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">INFEDU_2024_1_13</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15388/infedu.2024.13</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Teaching Machine Learning to Middle and High School Students from a Low Socio-Economic Status Background</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Ramon Mayor</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:ramon.mayor@posgrad.ufsc.br">ramon.mayor@posgrad.ufsc.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_000"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_000">Graduate Program in Computer Science, Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gresse Von Wangenheim</surname>
            <given-names>Christiane</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:c.wangenheim@ufsc.br">c.wangenheim@ufsc.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_001">Graduate Program in Computer Science, Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rauber</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:marcelo.rauber@posgrad.ufsc.br">marcelo.rauber@posgrad.ufsc.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_002">Graduate Program in Computer Science, Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hauck</surname>
            <given-names>Jean Carlo Rossa</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:jean.hauck@ufsc.br">jean.hauck@ufsc.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_003"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_003">Graduate Program in Computer Science, Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silvestre</surname>
            <given-names>Melissa Figueiredo</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:melissa@redeivg.org.br">melissa@redeivg.org.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_INFEDU_aff_004"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_INFEDU_aff_004">Vilson Groh Institute, PodeCrer Program, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil</aff>
        </contrib-group>
		<volume>23</volume>
	  <issue>3</issue>
	  <fpage>647</fpage>
	  <lpage>678</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Vilnius University</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Open access article under the CC BY license.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Knowledge about Machine Learning is becoming essential, yet it remains a restricted privilege that may not be available to students from a low socio-economic status background. Thus, in order to provide equal opportunities, we taught ML concepts and applications to 158 middle and high school students from a low socio-economic background in Brazil. Results show that these students can understand how ML works and execute the main steps of a human-centered process for developing an image classification model. No substantial differences regarding class periods, educational stage, and sex assigned at birth were observed. The course was perceived as fun and motivating, especially to girls. Despite the limitations in this context, the results show that they can be overcome. Mitigating solutions involve partnerships between social institutions and university, an adapted pedagogical approach as well as increased on-by-one assistance. These findings can be used to guide course designs for teaching ML in the context of underprivileged students from a low socio-economic status background and thus contribute to the inclusion of these students.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>Machine Learning</kwd>
        <kwd>Education</kwd>
        <kwd>Low Socio-Economic Status</kwd>
        <kwd>Underprivileged</kwd>
        <kwd>Middle School</kwd>
        <kwd>High School</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
